Cara memilih panjang gelombang maksimum

Ketika mengembangkan prosedur baru atau menggunakan prosedur yang sensitif terhadap panjang gelombang, pilih panjang gelombang di mana instrumen memberikan absorbansi terbesar. Karena prosedur biasanya dikembangkan menggunakan panjang gelombang maksimum untuk pengujian. Dalam kenyataannya,...

Rotary Evaporator

The rotary evaporator is a piece of equipment that is designed to allow you to distill a liquid under conditions of reduced pressure. Since the pressure within the system is reduced, it means that the liquid can be distilled at a lower temperature than it would at atmospheric pressure. This is a...

Techniques on Weighing

There are many different types of balances or scales available to measure the mass of a sample. The selection of the balance depends on the mass of the object or sample and the precision needed for the measurement. A top-loading balance is used to determine the approximate mass of the sample...

Techniques on Gravity Filtration

There are two general methods of filtration: gravity and vacuum. In gravity filtration, the filtrate passes through the filter medium under the force of gravity and the capillary action between the liquid and the funnel stem. There are several varieties of filter paper. Good filtration depends...

Techniques on Titration

Titration is a method of analysis that allows you to determine the endpoint of a reaction. To perform a titration accurately, a precise quantity of the titrant needs to be dispensed into the reaction flask In a titration, the reaction flask is usually an Erlenmeyer flask. It is used because...

Use a Bottle-Top Dispenser

A bottle-top dispenser is a hand operated pump that screw on to a reagent bottle. These dispensers are surrounded by a clear plastic sleeve, which protects the glass cylinder from breaking, and eliminates the risk of hazardous spills. The volume is accurate to about 1-2%. The volume to be dispensed...

Use of a Volumetric Flask

A volumetric flask is calibrated to contain one specified volume. It is used to prepare standard solutions and for the dilution of solutions. Volumetric flasks are cleaned and thoroughly rinsed but rarely do they need to be dried. When the meniscustouches the mark that is etched on the neck...

Use of a Pipette

Pipettes are for the transfer of known volumes of liquid from one container to another. Pipettes that deliver a fixed volume are called volumetric or transfer pipettes (Figure 1a). Other pipettes are known as measuring pipettes. They are calibrated with graduated markings along the side so that...

Use of a Burette

A burette is used to deliver variable volumes of solution precisely and accurately (Figure 1). It is use for titrations, where the solution in the burette is called the titrant. When the stopcock valve is aligned with the burette, as shown in Figure 1, the valve is in the open position and the...

Teknik Standard-Addition

Teknik ini dapat digunakan untuk menghilangkan gangguan efek matriks atau interference lainnya. Namun, metode ini hanya dapat digunakan jika absorbansi yang diukur adalah linear terhadap konsentrasi dan jika gangguan/interference yang diamati terbebas dari analit yang akan dianalisa. Tahapan untuk...